# USAC Past-Due Filing Fee Negotiation & Contingency Fee Service

## Context

Carriers with past-due USAC filing obligations (Form 499-A late filings) face compounding penalties. This document covers how the fees work, viable methods to reduce them, whether we can charge on a contingency basis, and when the client needs a lawyer.

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## 1. How USAC Late Filing Fees Work

### Fee Calculation
Late filing fees are assessed when a carrier fails to file Form 499-A or 499-Q within **30 days** of the due date. The fee is the **greater** of:
- **$100/month flat**, OR
- **Monthly USF obligation × (U.S. prime rate + 3.5%) / 365 × days late**

Fees accrue monthly until the form is submitted. For a carrier with meaningful revenue, this compounds quickly.

### Additional Consequences
- **Interest**: Accrues daily at prime + 3.5% from delinquency date
- **91+ days past due**: Additional 6% annual penalty applied retroactively
- **Red Light status**: Triggered after 1 day delinquent — all USF disbursements withheld, TIN-linked entities affected
- **DCIA referral**: Debt referred to U.S. Treasury for collection after 90+ days
- **FCC enforcement**: Additional collection costs under 31 U.S.C. § 3717

### Key Policy
> "Late payment fees will not be reversed unless USAC has made an error."

USAC's official position is that penalties are only reversed for USAC billing errors, not for carrier negligence or hardship.

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## 2. Viable Methods to Reduce Past-Due Fees

### Method 1: USAC Billing Dispute (Email)
- **How**: Email CustomerSupport@usac.org with subject "Billing Inquiry or Dispute"
- **Include**: Requestor name, Filer ID, invoice date, statement IDs, dispute description
- **Response time**: 24 hours
- **Success rate**: LOW — only reverses fees for documented USAC errors
- **Best for**: Carriers who believe USAC miscalculated their obligation, billed the wrong entity, or double-counted contributions

### Method 2: Payment Plan (Installment Agreement)
- **How**: Submit written request to USAC at 700 12th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington DC 20005
- **Requirement**: Must demonstrate financial inability to pay in one lump sum (verified per 31 CFR § 901.8)
- **Terms**: Promissory note, additional interest, admin fees, possible audit obligations
- **Invoices**: Separate "PMTP" invoices, due by 15th of following month
- **Effect**: Stops Red Light status, prevents Treasury referral, allows structured payoff
- **Does NOT reduce the total amount** — just spreads it out

### Method 3: USAC Appeal (Contributor Division)
- **How**: Email ContributorAppeals@usac.org within 60 days of USAC decision
- **Include**: Filer ID, USAC decision letter, supporting docs, explanation of relief sought
- **Timeline**: Written acknowledgment upon receipt, then written decision
- **Best for**: Challenging the underlying assessment (revenue classification errors, incorrect contribution base, de minimis eligibility disputes)
- **Pending appeals protect disputed debt from Treasury referral and Red Light status**

### Method 4: FCC Appeal / Waiver Request
- **How**: File with FCC via ECFS (Electronic Comment Filing System), docket WC 06-122
- **Deadline**: 60 days after USAC decision on appeal
- **Standard**: Must demonstrate "good cause" and "special circumstances" warranting deviation from the general rule, and that the deviation serves the public interest
- **Reality**: FCC has maintained an **extremely strict standard**. In February 2026, the FCC denied **every single one** of 20+ waiver requests for FY 2023-2024 regulatory fee penalties. The FCC cited that "relief is reserved for rare, extraordinary circumstances outside a payer's control." Examples of denied reasons: administrative oversight, delayed invoice awareness, CORES navigation difficulties, bank transaction limits, contractor mistakes.
- **Historical precedent for grants**: Post-9/11 relief is cited as the benchmark. Only truly extraordinary external events have qualified.
- **Requires an attorney** — 47 CFR § 1.23 limits practice before the FCC to bar-admitted attorneys

### Method 5: Revenue Reclassification / Revised Filing
- **How**: File revised 499-A forms that correctly classify revenue
- **Effect**: If original filings overcounted contributable revenue (e.g., classified broadband revenue as telecom, included exempt revenue), the revised filing reduces the contribution base, which reduces the USF obligation, which reduces the late fees proportionally
- **This is the most practical path for many carriers** — filing accurate revised forms that reduce the assessment base
- **We can do this** — it's form preparation, not legal representation

### Method 6: De Minimis Exemption / Discontinuance
- **How**: If carrier qualifies as de minimis (< $10,000 in contributable telecom revenue), file for de minimis status retroactively or file 499-A Discontinuance
- **Effect**: Eliminates or dramatically reduces the contribution obligation, and therefore the late fees on that obligation
- **We already offer this**: 499-A Discontinuance service ($299)

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## 3. Contingency Fee Legality

### The Core Question
Can Performance West charge 15% of savings from reducing a client's USAC bill?

### Answer: YES for form preparation / consulting; NO for legal representation

**What we CAN do (not practicing law):**
- Prepare and file revised 499-A forms with correct revenue classifications
- Calculate de minimis eligibility and file discontinuance
- Identify revenue reclassification opportunities (broadband vs. telecom allocation)
- Prepare billing dispute letters for USAC (factual, not legal arguments)
- Advise on the USAC payment plan process
- Charge a flat fee, hourly rate, or percentage of savings for these consulting services

**What we CANNOT do (practicing law):**
- File appeals with the FCC on behalf of the client (47 CFR § 1.23 — attorneys only)
- Negotiate settlements directly with USAC on legal grounds
- Provide legal opinions on whether penalties are lawfully assessed
- Represent the client in any FCC proceeding or hearing

### Contingency Fee Structure — Safe Harbor
A **percentage-of-savings** model is legally permissible as a **consulting fee** when:
1. We are performing form preparation, revenue analysis, and classification work (not legal advocacy)
2. We do not hold ourselves out as attorneys or provide legal advice
3. The fee is tied to the result of our consulting work (revised filings that reduce the assessment), not to the outcome of a legal proceeding
4. We have a clear engagement letter stating we are compliance consultants, not lawyers

This is analogous to how tax preparation firms charge based on refund amounts, or how energy consultants charge a percentage of utility bill reductions. The key is that we're doing the analytical/filing work, not the legal representation.

### When They Need a Lawyer
- Filing an appeal with the FCC (mandatory — 47 CFR § 1.23)
- Challenging the constitutionality or legality of the USF assessment
- Responding to FCC enforcement actions or forfeiture proceedings
- Contesting Treasury collection actions (DCIA referral)
- Any proceeding before an administrative law judge

**Recommended telecom law firms**: CommLaw Group, iCommLaw, Kelley Drye & Warren LLP (telecom practice)

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## 4. Recommended Service Offering

### "USAC Past-Due Assessment Review" — Consulting Service

**What we deliver:**
1. **Revenue audit**: Review the carrier's past 499-A filings for revenue misclassification. Many small carriers over-report because they include broadband revenue, non-telecom revenue, or exempt services in their contribution base.
2. **Revised filing preparation**: File corrected 499-A forms for the delinquent years with proper revenue classification.
3. **De minimis / discontinuance evaluation**: Determine if the carrier qualifies for de minimis exemption or should file a discontinuance.
4. **Payment plan assistance**: Help the carrier prepare the financial documentation needed for a USAC installment agreement.
5. **Billing dispute letter**: If USAC made a calculation error, prepare the dispute email.

**Pricing model options:**
- **Option A**: Flat fee per year of remediation ($499/year)
- **Option B**: 15% of documented reduction in USF obligation (contingency)
- **Option C**: Hybrid — $299 minimum + 10% of savings above $2,000

**Engagement letter must clearly state:**
- We are compliance consultants, not attorneys
- We prepare forms and provide regulatory compliance consulting
- If the client needs legal representation before the FCC, we will refer to a telecom attorney
- The fee is for consulting services (form preparation, revenue analysis, classification)

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## 5. Public Examples / Precedent

### FCC Waiver Denials (DA-26-184, February 2026)
The FCC denied 20+ requests to waive the 25% late penalty on FY 2023/2024 regulatory fees. Every request was denied. The FCC emphasized that waivers require "extraordinary circumstances outside the payer's control" — not administrative oversight, not bank issues, not contractor errors. This sets a very high bar for any FCC-level appeal.

### Fifth Circuit USF Challenge
In 2024, the Fifth Circuit ruled the USF contribution scheme violates the legislative vesting clause (non-delegation doctrine). While this is being appealed and doesn't directly help with past-due fees, it creates uncertainty about the long-term viability of the USF contribution mechanism and could be cited in waiver requests as a mitigating factor.

### deltathree, Inc. (DA-16-432)
The FCC granted deltathree's request for review of revised quarterly filings submitted 45+ days late. This is a rare example of the FCC allowing late revised filings, but the circumstances were unusual.

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## 6. Summary — What to Tell Clients

| Approach | Who Does It | Success Rate | Cost to Client |
|----------|-------------|-------------|----------------|
| Revenue reclassification + revised 499-A | **Us** | HIGH (if revenue was misclassified) | $499/year or 15% of savings |
| De minimis / discontinuance filing | **Us** | HIGH (if eligible) | $299 |
| USAC billing dispute | **Us** (prepare letter) | LOW (only for USAC errors) | Included |
| USAC payment plan | **Us** (prepare docs) | MEDIUM (restructures, doesn't reduce) | Included |
| USAC appeal (47 CFR 54.719) | **Us** (prepare) + attorney (file) | MEDIUM | Attorney fees |
| FCC waiver request | **Attorney only** | VERY LOW (nearly all denied) | $5,000-15,000+ |

**Bottom line**: The most effective path is NOT trying to negotiate the penalties away — it's reducing the underlying assessment through accurate revenue reclassification, which proportionally reduces all associated late fees and interest. This is consulting work we can do legally on a contingency basis.

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## Sources
- [USAC Late Filing Fees](https://www.usac.org/service-providers/making-payments/invoices/late-filing-sanction/)
- [USAC Billing Disputes](https://www.usac.org/service-providers/making-payments/billing-disputes/)
- [USAC Payment Plans](https://www.usac.org/service-providers/making-payments/how-to-pay/payment-plans/)
- [USAC Appeals Process](https://www.usac.org/about/appeals-audits/appeals/)
- [USAC Late Payments / DCIA / Red Light](https://www.usac.org/service-providers/making-payments/late-payments-dcia-red-light/)
- [47 CFR § 1.23 — Practice Before the FCC](https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/47/1.23)
- [FCC Contribution Methodology](https://www.fcc.gov/general/contribution-methodology-administrative-filings)
- [FCC Regulatory Fee Penalty Denials (2026)](https://radioink.com/2026/02/26/fcc-holds-line-on-25-regulatory-fee-penalty-for-late-payments/)
- [USF Due Process Violations (CGO)](https://www.thecgo.org/research/an-alphabet-soup-of-due-process-violations/)
