diff --git a/scripts/workers/fmcsa_deficiency_flagger.py b/scripts/workers/fmcsa_deficiency_flagger.py
index 5d3f27a..63dc069 100644
--- a/scripts/workers/fmcsa_deficiency_flagger.py
+++ b/scripts/workers/fmcsa_deficiency_flagger.py
@@ -427,37 +427,62 @@ def populate_state_lists() -> None:
             LOG.error("Failed to create list %s: %s", list_name, e)
             continue
 
-        # Import in batches
+        # Import subscribers individually (bulk import API returns 400)
         imported = 0
-        for i in range(0, len(rows), 500):
-            batch = rows[i:i+500]
-            subscribers = []
-            for dot, name, email, phone, city, st, issues, def_count in batch:
-                issues_list = (issues or "").split("; ")
-                issues_html = "".join(f"<li>{iss}</li>" for iss in issues_list if iss)
-                subscribers.append({
-                    "email": email.lower().strip(),
-                    "name": name or "",
-                    "status": "enabled",
-                    "lists": [list_id],
-                    "attribs": {
-                        "company": name or "", "dot_number": dot,
-                        "phone": phone or "", "city": city or "",
-                        "state": st or "", "deficiency_count": def_count or 0,
-                        "issues_html": f"<ul style='margin:0;padding:0 0 0 16px'>{issues_html}</ul>",
-                    },
-                })
+        failed = 0
+        for dot, name, email, phone, city, st, issues, def_count in rows:
+            issues_list = (issues or "").split("; ")
+            issues_html = "".join(f"<li>{iss}</li>" for iss in issues_list if iss)
+            sub_data = {
+                "email": email.lower().strip(),
+                "name": name or email.split("@")[0],
+                "status": "enabled",
+                "lists": [list_id],
+                "preconfirm_subscriptions": True,
+                "attribs": {
+                    "company": name or "", "dot_number": dot,
+                    "phone": phone or "", "city": city or "",
+                    "state": st or "", "deficiency_count": def_count or 0,
+                    "issues_html": f"<ul style='margin:0;padding:0 0 0 16px'>{issues_html}</ul>",
+                },
+            }
             try:
-                data = json.dumps({"mode": "subscribe", "subscribers": subscribers,
-                                   "lists": [list_id], "overwrite": True}).encode()
-                req = urllib.request.Request(f"{LISTMONK_API}/api/import/subscribers",
+                data = json.dumps(sub_data).encode()
+                req = urllib.request.Request(f"{LISTMONK_API}/api/subscribers",
                                             data=data, method="POST", headers=headers)
                 urllib.request.urlopen(req)
-                imported += len(batch)
-            except Exception as e:
-                LOG.error("  Batch import failed for %s: %s", state_code, e)
+                imported += 1
+            except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+                if e.code == 409:  # Already exists — add to list
+                    try:
+                        # Look up existing subscriber and add to list
+                        search_req = urllib.request.Request(
+                            f"{LISTMONK_API}/api/subscribers?query=subscribers.email='{email.lower().strip()}'",
+                            headers=headers)
+                        search_resp = json.loads(urllib.request.urlopen(search_req).read())
+                        results = search_resp.get("data", {}).get("results", [])
+                        if results:
+                            sub_id = results[0]["id"]
+                            existing_lists = [l["id"] for l in results[0].get("lists", [])]
+                            if list_id not in existing_lists:
+                                existing_lists.append(list_id)
+                            update_data = json.dumps({"lists": existing_lists, "attribs": sub_data["attribs"]}).encode()
+                            update_req = urllib.request.Request(
+                                f"{LISTMONK_API}/api/subscribers/{sub_id}",
+                                data=update_data, method="PUT", headers=headers)
+                            urllib.request.urlopen(update_req)
+                            imported += 1
+                    except Exception:
+                        failed += 1
+                else:
+                    failed += 1
+            except Exception:
+                failed += 1
 
-        LOG.info("  %s: imported %d to list '%s'", state_code, imported, list_name)
+            if (imported + failed) % 200 == 0 and (imported + failed) > 0:
+                LOG.info("  %s: %d imported, %d failed of %d", state_code, imported, failed, len(rows))
+
+        LOG.info("  %s: imported %d, failed %d to list '%s'", state_code, imported, failed, list_name)
 
     conn.close()