diff --git a/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html b/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
index 3f1e250..8d90d63 100644
--- a/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
+++ b/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
@@ -134,12 +134,19 @@ select:focus,input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#1e3a5f;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px
       </div>
     </div>
 
-    <!-- Q5: Operating states -->
+    <!-- Q5: Customer geography -->
     <div id="q5" class="hidden" style="margin-top:1rem">
-      <p class="q-label">Where will you operate?</p>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="1">Just one state</button>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="few">2–5 states</button>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="nationwide">Nationwide</button>
+      <p class="q-label">Where will your customers be located?</p>
+      <p class="q-hint">Most states require telecom providers to register with the state Public Utilities Commission (PUC) wherever they have customers — not just where you're incorporated. This is because your service uses local infrastructure (switches, towers, numbers) in each state where it terminates.</p>
+      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="1">One state only — all my customers will be in a single state</button>
+      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="few">A few states (2–5) — I know which states I'll serve initially</button>
+      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="nationwide">Nationwide — I'll accept customers from any US state</button>
+      <div id="state-puc-explain" class="hidden" style="margin-top:.5rem">
+        <div class="info-box">
+          <strong>State PUC Registration</strong><br>
+          About 27 states require full certification and tariff filing (CA, NY, PA, FL, IL, etc.), ~9 require registration only, and a handful (TX, UT, VA, WY) have minimal requirements. You don't need to register in all 50 states on day one — start with the states where you'll have customers, then expand as you grow. We handle state PUC filings at $399/state.
+        </div>
+      </div>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Q6: International services -->
@@ -440,12 +447,14 @@ select:focus,input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#1e3a5f;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px
     });
   });
 
-  // ── Q5: Operating states ──
+  // ── Q5: Customer geography ──
   document.querySelectorAll('[data-states]').forEach(function(btn) {
     btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
       document.querySelectorAll('[data-states]').forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('selected'); });
       btn.classList.add('selected');
       wizard.operatingStates = btn.dataset.states;
+      // Show PUC info for multi-state or nationwide
+      document.getElementById('state-puc-explain').classList.toggle('hidden', btn.dataset.states === '1');
       document.getElementById('q6').classList.remove('hidden');
     });
   });