diff --git a/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html b/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
index d65b3b1..7ee092a 100644
--- a/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
+++ b/site/public/order/fcc-carrier-registration/index.html
@@ -134,19 +134,28 @@ select:focus,input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#1e3a5f;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px
       </div>
     </div>
 
-    <!-- Q5: Customer geography -->
+    <!-- Q5: Customer geography (retail) / Operating scope (wholesale) -->
     <div id="q5" class="hidden" style="margin-top:1rem">
-      <p class="q-label">Where will your customers be located?</p>
-      <p class="q-hint">Most states require telecom providers to register with the state Public Utilities Commission (PUC) wherever they have customers — not just where you're incorporated. This is because your service uses local infrastructure (switches, towers, numbers) in each state where it terminates.</p>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="1">One state only — all my customers will be in a single state</button>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="few">A few states (2–5) — I know which states I'll serve initially</button>
-      <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="nationwide">Nationwide — I'll accept customers from any US state</button>
-      <div id="state-puc-explain" class="hidden" style="margin-top:.5rem">
-        <div class="info-box">
-          <strong>State PUC Registration</strong><br>
-          About 27 states require full certification and tariff filing (CA, NY, PA, FL, IL, etc.), ~9 require registration only, and a handful (TX, UT, VA, WY) have minimal requirements. You don't need to register in all 50 states on day one — start with the states where you'll have customers, then expand as you grow. We handle state PUC filings at $399/state.
+      <div id="q5-retail">
+        <p class="q-label">Where will your end-user customers be located?</p>
+        <p class="q-hint">Retail telecom providers must register with the state PUC in each state where they serve customers. State PUC registration is triggered by customer location — your service terminates in their state using local infrastructure, creating regulatory nexus regardless of where you're incorporated.</p>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="1">One state only — all my customers will be in a single state</button>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="few">A few states (2–5) — I know which states I'll serve initially</button>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="nationwide">Nationwide — I'll accept customers from any US state</button>
+        <div id="state-puc-explain" class="hidden" style="margin-top:.5rem">
+          <div class="info-box">
+            <strong>State PUC Registration</strong><br>
+            About 27 states require full certification and tariff filing (CA, NY, PA, FL, IL, etc.), ~9 require registration only, and a handful (TX, UT, VA, WY) have minimal requirements. You don't need to register in all 50 states on day one — start with the states where you'll have customers, then expand as you grow. We handle state PUC filings at $399/state.
+          </div>
         </div>
       </div>
+      <div id="q5-wholesale" class="hidden">
+        <p class="q-label">Where will your carrier customers be located?</p>
+        <p class="q-hint">Wholesale carriers generally don't need state PUC registration — the retail carrier serving end users holds the state obligation, not you. Your FCC registrations (CORES, Form 499, RMD) cover you at the federal level.</p>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="1">Primarily one region</button>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="few">A few regions</button>
+        <button type="button" class="q-card" data-states="nationwide">Nationwide</button>
+      </div>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Q6: International services -->
@@ -431,6 +440,10 @@ select:focus,input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#1e3a5f;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px
       wizard.customerType = btn.dataset.custtype;
       // Re-evaluate whether to show Q2 or skip to Q3
       updateVoiceQuestions();
+      // Toggle Q5 variant: retail vs wholesale
+      var isWholesaleOnly = wizard.customerType === 'wholesale';
+      document.getElementById('q5-retail').classList.toggle('hidden', isWholesaleOnly);
+      document.getElementById('q5-wholesale').classList.toggle('hidden', !isWholesaleOnly);
     });
   });