esign: ink-reproduction consent gate + patent-risk research
Consent gate (the legal linchpin from the wet-signature memo): - migration 092 adds ink_consent/ink_consent_at/ink_consent_text to esign_records - extract pure, unit-tested gate logic into esign-ink-consent.ts (DRY single source for route + signing page): isInkReproduction / inkConsentRequired / inkConsentSatisfied + verbatim client-safe INK_CONSENT_TEXT - portal-esign-generic.ts: GET surfaces ink_reproduction + consent text; POST gates DRAWN signatures on ink-path docs on explicit consent, stores it - signing page locks the signature block until consent is checked (drawn only) - npi_provider marks cms855/cms10114 esign metadata ink_reproduction=true - 33 unit checks: gate truth table + consent text omits all internal mechanics (plotter/machine/CMS/MAC/etc) and keeps required legal reassurances Patent-risk memo (docs/legal/patent-risk-mechanical-wet-signature.md): - prior-art-dated risk analysis (autopen 1803/1942, plotters, CNC = public domain => low risk on core concept; e-sign workflow space litigious) - firsthand recent-grant sweep (1.58M USPTO grants 2021-2025, queried via DuckDB): ZERO patents on machine-applies-signature-in-ink; e-sign players hold only electronic-workflow patents. Not an FTO; flags where attorney search is needed
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28
api/migrations/092_esign_ink_consent.sql
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28
api/migrations/092_esign_ink_consent.sql
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-- 092: Ink-reproduction consent on signature records.
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--
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-- The Standard (no-login) CMS filing path reproduces the signer's OWN captured
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-- signature strokes in real ink on the printed form (pen plotter) so the mailed
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-- application carries an original ink signature. Per the legal-risk research
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-- (docs/legal/remote-mechanical-wet-signature-precedent.md), the linchpin that
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-- keeps this on the valid side of the forgery/agency line is an EXPLICIT,
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-- per-document authorization from the signer to reproduce their signature in ink
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-- on this specific document.
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--
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-- These columns capture that consent at signing time, alongside the existing
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-- perjury attestation. They are only meaningful for drawn signatures on ink-path
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-- documents (metadata.ink_reproduction = true); other docs leave them false/NULL.
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--
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-- Idempotent.
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ALTER TABLE esign_records
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ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ink_consent BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
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ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ink_consent_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ink_consent_text TEXT;
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COMMENT ON COLUMN esign_records.ink_consent IS
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'TRUE when the signer expressly authorized reproducing their drawn signature '
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'in ink on this document (pen-plotter path). Captured at signing time.';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN esign_records.ink_consent_at IS
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'When the ink-reproduction consent was given (signer-side timestamp).';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN esign_records.ink_consent_text IS
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'Verbatim consent language the signer agreed to (for the audit trail).';
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59
api/src/routes/esign-ink-consent.ts
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api/src/routes/esign-ink-consent.ts
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/**
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* Pure helpers for the ink-reproduction consent gate (DB-free, unit-tested).
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*
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* The Standard (no-login) CMS filing path reproduces the signer's OWN captured
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* signature strokes in real ink on the printed form (pen plotter). The legal
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* linchpin (docs/legal/remote-mechanical-wet-signature-precedent.md) is an
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* EXPLICIT, per-document authorization to reproduce the signature in ink. These
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* helpers decide when that consent is required and whether it was satisfied, so
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* the route and the signing page agree on one source of truth.
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*/
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/** Verbatim consent the signer must agree to before drawing an ink-path signature.
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*
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* Client-safe (no internal mechanics) but legally explicit: authorizes Performance
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* West to reproduce THIS signer's OWN drawn signature in ink ONE TIME on THIS
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* single document. The "only once / this one form / not reused" language reassures
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* the signer the signature is not stored for reuse. Stored verbatim with the
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* signature for the audit trail.
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*/
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export const INK_CONSENT_TEXT =
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"I understand this filing must be submitted on the official paper form with an " +
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"original ink signature. I authorize Performance West Inc. to reproduce my own " +
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"signature, exactly as I draw it below, in ink one time on this single form, and " +
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"to submit it on my behalf. My signature will be used solely to complete this " +
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"filing and will not be reused for any other document or purpose. The signature " +
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"applied will be my own signature, made with my authorization and with the " +
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"intent to sign this document.";
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/** Is this document on the ink-reproduction path? (metadata.ink_reproduction). */
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export function isInkReproduction(documentMetadata: unknown): boolean {
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return !!documentMetadata
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&& typeof documentMetadata === "object"
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&& (documentMetadata as Record<string, unknown>).ink_reproduction === true;
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}
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/**
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* Does this signing attempt REQUIRE the ink-reproduction consent?
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* Only a DRAWN signature on an ink-path document needs it (a typed signature is
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* not reproduced as the signer's own hand, so it is exempt).
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*/
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export function inkConsentRequired(
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documentMetadata: unknown,
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signatureType: "drawn" | "typed" | string | undefined,
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): boolean {
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return isInkReproduction(documentMetadata) && signatureType === "drawn";
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}
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/**
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* Is the consent satisfied for this attempt? True when not required, or when
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* required and the signer explicitly gave it (ink_consent === true).
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*/
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export function inkConsentSatisfied(
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documentMetadata: unknown,
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signatureType: "drawn" | "typed" | string | undefined,
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inkConsent: unknown,
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): boolean {
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if (!inkConsentRequired(documentMetadata, signatureType)) return true;
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return inkConsent === true;
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}
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@ -22,6 +22,11 @@
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import { Router, type Request, type Response } from "express";
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import { pool } from "../db.js";
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import { requirePortalAuth } from "../middleware/portalAuth.js";
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import {
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INK_CONSENT_TEXT,
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isInkReproduction,
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inkConsentSatisfied,
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} from "./esign-ink-consent.js";
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const router = Router();
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const WORKER_URL = process.env.WORKER_URL || "http://workers:8090";
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@ -93,12 +98,21 @@ router.get("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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// Pull order number for subtitle (e.g. "CO-ABC12345")
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const metadata = rec.document_metadata || {};
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// Ink-reproduction path: when this document's signature will be reproduced in
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// real ink on the printed form (pen-plotter / Standard CMS filing path), the
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// signing page must collect an explicit, per-document consent to reproduce the
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// drawn signature in ink BEFORE capturing it. See
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// docs/legal/remote-mechanical-wet-signature-precedent.md.
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const inkReproduction = isInkReproduction(metadata);
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res.json({
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document_title: rec.document_title,
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entity_name: rec.entity_name,
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order_number: rec.order_number,
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document_url: documentUrl,
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requires_perjury: rec.requires_perjury || false,
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ink_reproduction: inkReproduction,
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ink_consent_text: inkReproduction ? INK_CONSENT_TEXT : null,
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metadata,
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});
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} catch (err) {
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@ -116,10 +130,11 @@ router.get("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
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const { order_id: orderNumber, order_type: documentType, email } = req.portalAuth!;
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const { signature, agreed_at, user_agent } = req.body as {
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const { signature, agreed_at, user_agent, ink_consent } = req.body as {
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signature?: { type: "drawn" | "typed"; image_b64?: string; name?: string; vector?: any };
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agreed_at?: string;
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user_agent?: string;
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ink_consent?: boolean;
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};
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// Validate signature
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@ -146,7 +161,8 @@ router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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try {
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// Find the pending record
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const { rows } = await pool.query(
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`SELECT id, order_number, document_type, status, requires_perjury
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`SELECT id, order_number, document_type, status, requires_perjury,
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document_metadata, signed_at
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FROM esign_records
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WHERE order_number = $1
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AND document_type = $2
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@ -169,6 +185,19 @@ router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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return;
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}
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// Ink-reproduction gate: if this document's signature will be reproduced in
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// ink on the official paper form, a drawn signature REQUIRES the explicit
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// per-document ink-reproduction consent (the legal linchpin — see
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// docs/legal/remote-mechanical-wet-signature-precedent.md). A typed signature
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// is not reproduced as the signer's own hand, so it does not need this gate.
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const inkReproduction = isInkReproduction(rec.document_metadata);
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if (!inkConsentSatisfied(rec.document_metadata, signature.type, ink_consent)) {
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res.status(400).json({
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error: "Please confirm the authorization to use your signature on the official form.",
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});
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return;
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}
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// Store the signature
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const sigData = signature.type === "drawn"
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? signature.image_b64!.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/, "")
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@ -194,6 +223,10 @@ router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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const clientIp = (req as any).clientIp || req.ip || "";
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const signedAt = new Date().toISOString();
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// Record the ink-reproduction consent (only meaningful when this document is
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// on the ink-reproduction path and the signer drew their signature).
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const inkConsentGiven = inkReproduction && signature.type === "drawn" && ink_consent === true;
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await pool.query(
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`UPDATE esign_records
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SET status = 'signed',
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@ -205,8 +238,11 @@ router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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signer_user_agent = $6,
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signed_at = $7,
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perjury_agreed = $8,
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ink_consent = $9,
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ink_consent_at = $10,
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ink_consent_text = $11,
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updated_at = NOW()
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WHERE id = $9`,
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WHERE id = $12`,
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[
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signature.type,
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sigData,
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@ -216,6 +252,9 @@ router.post("/api/v1/portal/esign", requirePortalAuth, async (req: Request, res:
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user_agent || "",
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signedAt,
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rec.requires_perjury ? true : false,
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inkConsentGiven,
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inkConsentGiven ? signedAt : null,
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inkConsentGiven ? INK_CONSENT_TEXT : null,
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rec.id,
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],
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);
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58
api/test/test_esign_ink_consent.ts
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58
api/test/test_esign_ink_consent.ts
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/**
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* Unit tests for the ink-reproduction consent gate (pure logic, no DB).
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* Run: npx tsx api/test/test_esign_ink_consent.ts
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*/
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import assert from "node:assert";
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import {
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INK_CONSENT_TEXT,
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isInkReproduction,
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inkConsentRequired,
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inkConsentSatisfied,
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} from "../src/routes/esign-ink-consent.js";
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let pass = 0;
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const ok = (name: string, cond: boolean) => {
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assert.ok(cond, name);
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pass++;
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};
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// --- isInkReproduction ---
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ok("ink meta true", isInkReproduction({ ink_reproduction: true }) === true);
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ok("ink meta false", isInkReproduction({ ink_reproduction: false }) === false);
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ok("ink meta missing", isInkReproduction({}) === false);
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ok("ink meta null", isInkReproduction(null) === false);
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ok("ink meta undefined", isInkReproduction(undefined) === false);
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ok("ink meta string-truthy not enough", isInkReproduction({ ink_reproduction: "true" }) === false);
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// --- inkConsentRequired: only DRAWN on ink-path docs ---
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ok("required: drawn + ink", inkConsentRequired({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn") === true);
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ok("not required: typed + ink", inkConsentRequired({ ink_reproduction: true }, "typed") === false);
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ok("not required: drawn + non-ink", inkConsentRequired({ ink_reproduction: false }, "drawn") === false);
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ok("not required: drawn + no meta", inkConsentRequired({}, "drawn") === false);
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ok("not required: undefined type", inkConsentRequired({ ink_reproduction: true }, undefined) === false);
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// --- inkConsentSatisfied ---
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// exempt cases (consent not required) are always satisfied regardless of flag
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ok("satisfied: typed exempt (no consent)", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "typed", undefined) === true);
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ok("satisfied: non-ink drawn exempt", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: false }, "drawn", undefined) === true);
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ok("satisfied: no-meta drawn exempt", inkConsentSatisfied({}, "drawn", false) === true);
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// required cases: must have ink_consent === true
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ok("blocked: drawn+ink, no consent", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn", undefined) === false);
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ok("blocked: drawn+ink, consent false", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn", false) === false);
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ok("blocked: drawn+ink, consent truthy-but-not-true", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn", "true") === false);
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ok("blocked: drawn+ink, consent 1 (not strict true)", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn", 1) === false);
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ok("allowed: drawn+ink, consent true", inkConsentSatisfied({ ink_reproduction: true }, "drawn", true) === true);
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// --- consent text: client-safe (no internal mechanics) ---
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const banned = ["plotter", "machine", "CMS", "855", "10114", "MAC", "Baltimore", "PO Box", "robot"];
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for (const w of banned) {
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ok(`consent text omits "${w}"`, !INK_CONSENT_TEXT.toLowerCase().includes(w.toLowerCase()));
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}
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// --- consent text: legally required reassurances present ---
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ok("consent says 'ink one time'", INK_CONSENT_TEXT.includes("in ink one time"));
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ok("consent says 'single form'", INK_CONSENT_TEXT.includes("single form"));
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ok("consent says 'not be reused'", INK_CONSENT_TEXT.includes("will not be reused"));
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ok("consent says 'my own signature'", INK_CONSENT_TEXT.includes("my own signature"));
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ok("consent says 'intent to sign'", INK_CONSENT_TEXT.includes("intent to sign"));
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console.log(`\nesign ink-consent: ${pass} checks passed`);
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