Adds the real-world know-how a first-time DER needs beyond the bare regs:
- Owner-operators / one-driver companies (must use a consortium; cannot self-test
or self-select) — the most misunderstood case.
- Audits & penalties: what the new-entrant safety audit asks for and the
consequences of no program (civil penalties, failed audit, out-of-service).
- Problem test results: dilute, shy bladder, cancelled test, split-specimen.
- Prescriptions / marijuana / CBD (marijuana prohibited regardless of state law;
CBD trap; route medical questions to the MRO).
- What counts as a refusal (treated as a positive).
- Costs & timeline expectations.
- DER do's and don'ts (act same-day, keep records separate/confidential, never
tip off a random selection, don't interpret results yourself).
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